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The first adult tie-in novel based on "Roswell", the TV SF drama. The day that Liz Parker accidentally got in the way of a bullet in the Crashdown Cafe in Roswell, New Mexico, changed her life forever. Max Evans saved her by laying his hand on her and healing the wound as if it had never happened.

• Sales Rank: #1477668 in Books
• Brand: Brand: Simon Spotlight Entertainment
• Published on: 2001-05-01
• Released on: 2001-05-01
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: .79" h x 4.22" w x 6.78" l,
• Binding: Mass Market Paperback
• 288 pages

Features

• Used Book in Good Condition

Excerpt. � Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved.

Chapter One

"So, you really think Hilary might be a Skin?"

"I'm not saying it's for sure. I'm just saying that it's a possibility."

Max Evans and Michael Guerin huddled over a copy of USA Today, intently examining the day's news in search of hints of hostile alien activity. Max didn't need a highlighter to mark the article in question; he just ran his finger over the black-and-white newsprint and the selected headline acquired a bright yellow background. "What about Kathie Lee?" he asked, turning to the next page of the paper. "I always thought there was something kind of unnatural about her."

Says my favorite human-alien hybrid, Liz Parker thought silently. But that wasn't really fair, the petite brunette admitted to herself; in many ways, and despite his extraterrestrial origins, Max was the most human person she knew. As she knew better than anyone else, there was nothing alien at all about his heart.

It was a quiet Thursday afternoon at the Crashdown Cafe, Roswell, New Mexico's finest alien-themed diner, and the gang's usual after school hangout. Watercolor paintings of strange alien creatures decorated the walls while a mannequin in a silver spacesuit greeted customers by the front door. Liz sat at one of the restaurant's rear booths, opposite Max and Michael, while Max's sister Isabel, and their friend Alex Whitman, occupied the adjacent booth, close enough to take part in the proceedings if they felt like it. Liz knew that Alex would have preferred to have had Isabel all to himself, but guessed that he'd settle for just sharing the same booth with her. Hope things are going okay between them, Liz thought. Isabel can be pretty moody sometimes.

"Kathie Lee?" Maria DeLuca asked, rolling her large olive-green eyes. Her silver waitress's apron mimicked the unearthly countenance of your standard-model alien abductor as she stood beside the two rear booths. Shiny tinfoil antennae bobbed above her long, strawberry-blond hair. The dinner rush hadn't started yet, so Maria was free to kill time with her friends. "Don't you think maybe you guys are getting a wee bit paranoid?"

Michael bristled indignantly, not unlike his unruly brown hair. "This is serious business. Maybe you can joke about it, but some of us can't afford to overlook any possibilities." Empty bottles of Tabasco sauce littered the tabletop, evidence of his and Max's strenuous strategy session. "You can never tell where the Skins might strike next."

"Hey, you don't need to bite my head off, alien-boy," Maria retorted. Scanning quickly to make sure that no new customers had arrived, she slid into the booth beside Liz. "I know all about the evil alien invasion, remember? I was just trying to give you guys a much-needed reality check."

"Oh, is that what that was?" Michael asked sarcastically. A scowl made him look even more ticked off and discontented than usual. "I thought you were busting my chops about things you obviously don't understand or appreciate." He eyed the pad of green order slips tucked into the belt of Maria's E.T. apron. "Maybe you should stick to the customers' checks from now on."

Maria immediately shifted into combat mode. "Yeah, right, and maybe you never want to see the inside of the eraser room again?" she replied, referring to their usual make out spot at West Roswell High. "Heck, summer vacation's coming up soon, and you could be looking at a long, lonely summer, Michael Guerin."

Liz winced at the heated words exchanged between the on-again, off-again couple. Granted, Maria and Michael bickering was nothing new, but there seemed to be more of an edge to it than usual. She glanced across the table at Max, who appeared oblivious to the escalating spitting match going on right next to him. Beneath his neatly-trimmed black bangs, lines of worry and concentration creased his brow as he vigilantly perused the newspaper, occasionally highlighting a suspicious headline or photo caption. A chocolate Dark Side of the Force milkshake sat more or less ignored next to his uneaten Grilled Lunar Cheese Sandwich. Liz's heart ached in sympathy. He looked like he was bearing the weight of the world on his shoulders. Maybe more than one world...

"Cool it, you guys," she told Michael and Maria. If she couldn't relieve Max of most of his unfair burden, at least she could play peacemaker between his squabbling friends and allies. "We're all kind of stressed-out, I think." And who wouldn't be, she thought, after all we've been through lately? "Let's cut each other some slack, okay?"

"Yeah, I guess so," Michael agreed, looking a little chastened. He shrugged, which was about as close as he ever came to an apology, and cast a conciliatory look at Maria, who relaxed her own combative body language a notch or two. "I just want to be ready, you know? For the FBI. For the Skins. Everything."

"Are you sure we should be talking about this here?" Isabel asked anxiously from the next booth, looking over the back of her own seat at Liz and the others. Like her brother, she looked tense and worried, while her voice, if anything, sounded even more nervous and apprehensive. Her immaculate, cover-girl appearance belied her chronic uneasiness. "What if somebody heard you?"

"Like who?" Maria snorted. A devout advocate of aromatherapy, she fetched a tiny glass vial from her pocket, and uncapped it beneath her nose. Sniffing the fragrant oil seemed to ease her frustration with Michael. "Look around," she said, "this place is deader than Senator Whitaker."

Sitting across from Isabel, nibbling on a stack of golden Unidentified Frying Objects, Alex tried to reassure her. "Besides, don't forget, this is Roswell, the unofficial capital of Close Encounters land," he said, a grin upon his boyish face. The tourists expect to hear us discussing crashed alien spaceships and top secret government conspiracies. Heck, we should probably be talking louder, just to do our part for the local economy."

His glib attempt to lift Isabel's spirits failed miserably. "That's not funny, Alex," she said curtly before turning her attention back to the four teens in the other booth. Liz pretended not to notice the crushed look on Alex's face, which he attempted to hide as quickly as it appeared. "We never know who might be listening," Isabel continued. "We've been spied on before, with hidden cameras and listening devices and who knows what else."

True enough, Liz thought. But you could go crazy thinking about that 24-7. She picked absently at her Little Green Mint sundae while a new song by Dido played over the diner's music system. Where did you draw the line, she wondered, between being careful and being paranoid? And was it fair of her to judge Isabel for being so high-strung and fearful? Liz had only lived with the Big Secret for two years now; Max, Michael, and Isabel had been hiding their alien heritage for their entire lives.

"Liz is right," Maria announced decisively. She swept the faces around her with a knowing gaze. "We're all a bunch of nervous wrecks. We need some serious R&R and I mean soon. Just for this weekend, we should forget all about hidden secrets, fiendish enemies, etcetera, and do something fun for a change." She plucked the spread-out newspaper out from under Max's nose. "And that means you, too, glorious leader. All work and no play makes Max a dull spaceman."

Max looked more startled than annoyed by Maria's impulsive action. Michael scowled, though, and tried to snatch back the crumpled papers, which Maria stubbornly held up over her head, out of his reach. "Look, babe," he pleaded, making an obvious effort not to lose his temper, "I don't want to get into this with you again, but there's an interplanetary war going on. We haven't got time for fun and games."

"Oh yeah," Maria challenged him. "You think I don't ever watch The History Channel? Even back during World War One or Two or whichever war it was, the soldiers took time out occasionally, for shore leave and USO shows and all that Andrews Sisters boogie-woogie bugle boy stuff. They had to, or they'd just wig out. It was important to their -- whatchamacallit -- morals?"

"Morale," Liz corrected her gently. She was surprised and relieved to see that Max seemed to be giving Maria his full attention, listening to her whole spiel with a thoughtful expression. "You know, she may have a point, Max," Liz added, seeing a chance to lighten his load a little, if only for one weekend. "We could all use a break."

"Right, exactly! That's what I'm saying," Maria declared, vindicated by Liz's vote of support. She settled back into her seat, the decision a done deal as far as she was concerned, and stroked her chin as she considered their options. "I'm thinking: Road Trip. But to where? That's the question."

An idea suddenly occurred to Liz. "I know!" she blurted out. "We could go to Carlsbad Caverns. It's only a couple of hours away, and Ms. Hultquist in earth sciences said she'd give extra credit to any student who went to the caves and wrote a report on their trip."

"Spoken like the science nerd you are," Maria teased her best friend. "I'm thinking wild teenage hijinks and you want to go on a field trip!"

"No, no, it will be fun, really," Liz insisted. "My parents used to take me to the Caverns when I was little, and it was always really cool." A surge of nostalgia hit her with unexpected force, bringing back bittersweet memories of childhood pleasures and simpler times, before her life grew so very complicated. A lump formed in her throat and she felt her eyes watering. Guess I need a vacation as much as anybody else, she realized. A vacation back to a more carefree me.

As if he could sense her longing for a little harmless childhood regression, Max nodded solemnly. "Carlsbad Caverns works for me," he stated with quiet authority. His dark, serious eyes surveyed the faces around him. "What do the rest of you think?"

No surprise, Michael was unconvinced. "What do I care about earth sciences," he said sourly, making another unsuccessful grab at the stolen newspaper. "I'm not even from Earth."

Maria gave him a warning glare. "Don't be such a Czechoslovakian party pooper," she said, using her preferred euphemism for extraterrestrial, "or I might forget that you're the love of my life."

Michael sank back sullenly against the back of the booth, clearly resentful, but apparently unwilling to push his luck much further, at least for now. "Okay, make that three votes for the Caverns," Maria said smugly. She craned her head to peer into the next booth over. "What about you, Alex? You up for a journey to the center of Earth?"

"Er, I think so," he answered, awkwardly searching Isabel's exquisitely made-up face for some clue to her preferences. "Umm, what do you think, Iz?" He smiled broadly, trying too hard to sound cheerful and upbeat. "Sounds like it could be fun."

Isabel, in turn, turned to her brother for guidance. "Are you sure this is a good idea, Max?" she asked, her uncertain tone making it sound like they were discussing a root canal rather than a joy ride. Liz wondered, somewhat uncharitably, if Prozac worked on aliens.

"It couldn't hurt, Iz," Max said softly. Liz couldn't help noticing how tenderly he handled his sister's frayed and fragile nerves. How could he doubt that he was born to be his people's leader? Isabel's hand gripped the wooden divider between the two booths, and Max gently placed his own hand atop hers. "Plus, it might be exactly what we all need."

"Okay," Isabel assented. She managed a wan smile, making an effort to get into the spirit of things. "A change of scenery might be nice at that."

"That settles it, then!" Maria said triumphantly. "You're outvoted, Michael, five-to-one." A burst of organizational energy animated her entire body, setting her antennae bobbing vigorously. "I'll borrow the Jetta from my mom, Max and Isabel can get their Jeep; Liz and Michael, you stock up on munchies, sodas, and Tabasco sauce, and we'll be all set. Saturday morning, we're hitting the road for Carlsbad Caverns!"

Maria's enthusiasm was infectious. Liz grinned at Max, who smiled back at her. Beneath the table, she playfully rubbed her foot against his ankle. It's great to see him looking relaxed again, she thought, starting to get genuinely excited about the weekend ahead. She couldn't remember the last time the two of them had just been able to have a good time together, enjoying each other's company, instead of running and hiding and agonizing about various earthly and unearthly threats.

The more she thought about it, the better it sounded. A fun-filled weekend outing is just what the doctor ordered, she decided. For all of us.

She couldn't wait to get going.

Copyright � 2001 by Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation

Most helpful customer reviews

3 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
Loose Ends does not portray characters well.
By A Customer
I was really looking forward to this book and perhaps had my expectations way too high. I was disappointed in the authors portrayal of the characters. I did not feel he did a good job in doing so. The book picked up a bit about 1/4 of the way through, but getting there was difficult. What tells me how much I like or dislike a book is how quickly I read it. If I really like it, I'll read it in one day. If I sort of like it, it will take me two to three days. It took me two weeks to read this book.

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Another Roswell hit
By Douglas Clawson
I never tire of the Roswell books

8 of 8 people found the following review helpful.
Gangsta Rap Roswell
By Bruce Rux
The plot is terrific. The characterizations are so-so and inconsistent. The villain is awful - not "he's a great bad guy," I mean written really terribly. It's the last that really sinks this otherwise good story.
Maria suggests her friend Liz and the perpetually serious alien cadre they hang out with get away from it all with a little trip to Carlsbad Caverns. Liz finds more than bats in the caves: the man who shot her two years before in the Crashdown Cafe is in the gift shop. Does he recognize her? If not, how long before he does? What should she do about it? Run? Call the cops? After all, officially, no one knows she was even injured - alien boyfriend Max healed her up, before anyone realized she'd been shot. The let-it-lie option evaporates quickly, when Max and his alien sister Isabel find out Liz's shooter is involved in some kind of scam with Air Force personnel - and, given their past fracases with the government, they have to find out what it's all about.
This book starts out great, and goes downhill fast. Its first flaw is the inconsistent and generally out-of-character portrayals of the principals. Non-series fans may not notice, anymore than they will the odd preoccupation Cox gives the characters with Tabasco sauce (an incidental running gag on the show, that Cox turns into something more), but of course series fans will be the primary purchasers of the novel.
Liz's shooter, the big bad guy of the piece, has the worst dialogue this side of a 1930's gangster movie, and that's no exaggeration. He doesn't actually say "coppers," but he might as well. He's also unbelievably careless and uncoordinated, for a man arranging sales of top secrets. He's just not very credible, in any department. His actions - and often those of the other characters as well - are bizarrely abrupt and inexplicable, even for a psychopath.
What the book does have going for it is the good story, a nice sense of humor, and likeable (if inconsistently accurate) central characters. If you can take the book's flaws, you might enjoy it, but it's not very indicative of the series as a whole and will probably disappoint most fans.

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• Sales Rank: #3660168 in Books
• Brand: Brand: Wiley-Blackwell
• Published on: 2003-09-19
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 11.30" h x 1.30" w x 8.90" l, 3.45 pounds
• Binding: Hardcover
• 488 pages

Features

• Used Book in Good Condition

From the Back Cover

Canine Anatomy, A Systemic Study, Fourth Edition provides introductory anatomical information on the dog and cat fro first and second year veterinary students and instructors in companion animal anatomy. Completely unique in its organization by system, this text guides students in the complete dissection of non-embalmed canine carcasses. The author introduces directional and structural terminology gradually and sequentially. Anatomical terms introduced for the first time in the text, or emphasized in a particular chapter, are highlighted.

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About the Author
Donald R. Adams, DVM, PhD, is University Professor Emeritus of Veterinary Anatomy at the College of Veterinary Medicine at Iowa State University and is currently Professor of Anatomy at the College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, California.

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• How to create your own unique "vibrational response" and how such a seemingly simple concept can make all your life experiences more beautiful and more pleasant - no matter where you live, what you do or how old you are...
• You will find out about a long kept secret of successful American entrepreneurs when it comes to taking action in order to achieve your goal... and you will understand why it is, even though most people are constantly doing something, that only a few are successful in achieving results...�
• And much more...

• Sales Rank: #1458864 in Books
• Published on: 2012-09-12
• Original language: English
• Dimensions: 8.00" h x .45" w x 5.00" l,
• Binding: Paperback
• 196 pages

From the Author
Let me tell you a story... I know you've probably heard this story many times already, but it wouldn't be such a bad idea to remind ourselves and think about it once more. It's about how they train elephants in zoos... When an elephant is still a baby, it is chained to a metal ball or something similarly heavy, in order to stop it from moving around. The elephant has full freedom of movement within the allowed radius, but if it wishes to move any further, the chains stop it. In the beginning, it keeps trying to push through the "imposed limitation", but as time passes, it starts to give up. Later on, when the elephant grows up, it doesn't even try to move outside the imposed radius. Although there are no more chains stopping it - and even if there were, the animal would be too strong to be stopped by them - the same chains remain in its memory and continue to limit its movement. � ***
Although the above example refers to the training of elephants, something similar happens to the fates of many humans - they allow long-imposed limitations to forever block the most precious thing they possess - A LIFE IN HARMONY WITH THEIR TRUE DESIRES! � ***
This book will teach you to break all the "chains" which are stopping you from living the life you deserve! It will remind you of the forgotten art of creating the reality of your own choice. Its style is not inspirational, and the wording is not flowery so that it can be read comfortably and peacefully. At times, it is very direct and disturbing, since becoming aware of one's own limiting perspectives on life can have that kind of effect on us! However, if you really, truly want to live life the way you feel you want to live it deep down inside, then I suggest that you ignore the fears and false views created by your limiting perceptions, and strongly decide to become a conscious creator of your own reality - even if you have no idea how to do so right now!

From the Back Cover
Discover The Art of Consciously Creating Desired Experiences! Find out how to be free from all the limiting beliefs that are stopping you from finally relaxing and starting to live life your own way!This book has the ability to change your life for the better, forever! It will teach you to break all the "chains" which are stopping you from living the life you deserve! It will remind you of the forgotten art of creating the reality of your own choice.Each and every one of us has an inbuilt mechanism for reality creation. We do this every day - we continually create our reality. However, most people do this completely unconsciously and don't feel that they can control what happens in their outer reality. Consequently, they think that "external circumstances" decisively determine the quality of their lives. But by gaining greater and greater mastery of the forgotten skill of creating our own reality, our life becomes a game whose rules we create ourselves, exactly the way our heart desires.�

About the Author
From his high school days, Tomislav began to show a great interest in the major religions of the world, as well as various schools of philosophy. At the age of eighteen, he started to practice meditation, yoga and similar methods, which help to expand consciousness. He has researched these topics in depth and has been taught by experienced teachers. He lives on the island of Hvar in Croatia. For more information about Tomislav, his books and coaching programs visit: http://ttomic.com

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1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
A "must read" So useful that I have noted down the main ideas
By Jo
A "must read"
So useful that I have noted down the main ideas!

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[K379.Ebook] Fee Download Sinful Desires: A Hardcastle Adventure, by Daniel R Towne

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Azrael Hardcastle is not your average person. He raises the spirits of dead people for a living. He is called in to action by the Master Vampire of the city to investigate murders in her territory and to punish who is behind them. Azrael also has his world turned upside when he inadvertently finds his perfect match.

• Sales Rank: #8230111 in Books
• Published on: 2016-01-29
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 11.00" h x .21" w x 8.50" l, .52 pounds
• Binding: Paperback
• 92 pages

About the Author
Daniel Towne is an up and coming writer who lives in the southern Adirondack Mountains of Upstate NY. He has always dreamed of spreading his love for the written word as well as literacy for all.

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3 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
a diamond in the rough!
By Vladislav
This book took me by surprise! It is truly a hidden gem! The entertainment value alone is immeasureable. The writing style is unique, but refreshing, and once you get a feel for the author's style you'll understand why Grandma Moses is such a beloved artist. This book "reads" like a Grandma Moses painting "looks". To say that this book transcends genres would be THE understatement of the post-modern literary scene. This read is complex in that it has a purposed simplicity. This author is most definitely an undiscovered star...or more accurately an undiscovered solar system! Do yourself a HUGE favor and read this book! I can't wait for this author's next work to be released!

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[V992.Ebook] Fee Download Immortality (Wisconsin Poetry Series), by Alan Feldman

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“Drop the personal,” Alan Feldman’s best friend advises. But what else does he have? Feldman takes his title from Zhivago’s interpretations of the afterlife: “Your soul, your immortality, your life in others.”
����������� In a collection where the dead do speak, Feldman’s poems in his first segment, “Self-Portraits,” are more likely to be about others than about himself. The segment “Partners” reflects on marriage and divorce, the latter an “uncontested victor over marriage, / the way the flood is champion over the flood plain.” In the section “Offshore” Feldman writes about travel to Uruguay, his impractical love of sailing, and his wonder at Walter Cronkite’s obtuseness about Vietnam. In his final segment, “What Now?,” he asks about meaning itself. Babysitting his tiny granddaughter, he thinks of sailing—hours of boredom punctuated by moments of terror—and wonders if even this suggests something world-encompassing he’s “still hoping to find a name for. / If it isn’t joy.”

• Sales Rank: #431926 in Books
• Brand: Feldman, Alan
• Published on: 2015-03-12
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 9.00" h x .50" w x 6.00" l, .35 pounds
• Binding: Paperback
• 104 pages

Review
“Alan Feldman is our greatest American poet of the household and family, as a loving, growing, struggling, and essential institution. He manifests the kind of love we rarely see in our poetry, and this familial love pours into the world around him. I am personally thankful every time I read an Alan Feldman poem, and Immortality, the book you are holding in your hands right now, makes us understand that immortality lies all about us, in everything we experience as a human being.”—Bill Zavatsky, author of Where X Marks the Spot

“A richly engaged, near flawless collection. Like those magic mineral waters pumped from deep in the earth, Feldman’s poems can cure emotional arthritis and ventilate the soul. Better poems than these cannot be written in this confiding, intelligent humanist mode.”—Tony Hoagland, author of Twenty Poems That Could Save America and Sweet Ruin


“These poems enact with grace and intelligence the process by which one comes to possess the life one is actually living. This is an enlarging journey that no reader of poetry will want to miss, offering the pleasures of discovery every step of the way.”—Carl Dennis, Pulitzer Prize–winning author of Practical Gods

“Alan Feldman’s poems offer the companionship of a witty, thoughtful, sometimes bewildered friend testing his life in language; telling it all. This is a heartening, deeply satisfying collection from a seasoned poet at the top of his game.”—Linda V. Bamber, author of Taking What I Like

“An outstanding master of the free verse form and one whose work is both thoughtful and thought-provoking.”—Midwest Book Review/Reviewer’s Bookwatch

About the Author
Alan Feldman is a professor emeritus of English at Framingham State University and previously taught creative writing at Harvard University. He is the author of many collections of poetry, including A Sail to Great Island, also published by the University of Wisconsin Press, Frank O’Hara, and Lucy Mastermind. He lives in Framingham, Massachusetts.

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1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
intelligent one, confronting the hardest subjects in life with ...
By Wendy Barker
I could not put Alan Feldman's Immortality down. Not only are these poems exquisitely crafted and lyrical, but they are poignant and wise. At times I felt myself near tears. But this is no sentimental book--it's a brave, intelligent one, confronting the hardest subjects in life with a discerning and loving eye and ear. Feldman's book is a brilliant collection, one that reminds us that poetry continues to be a most necessary art.

1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
Subtle Understandings
By Douglas Reid Skinner
Feldman's deceptively casual voice, often pitched as a kind of private conversation between reader and author, belies penetrating observations and subtle understandings, a seeing of the world through clear eyes and the ability to cut through cultural clutter to what's worth seeing, worth knowing.

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�

James A. Shapiro proposes an important new paradigm for understanding biological evolution, the core organizing principle of biology. Shapiro introduces crucial new molecular evidence that tests the conventional scientific view of evolution based on the neo-Darwinian synthesis, shows why this view is inadequate to today's evidence, and presents a compelling alternative view of the evolutionary process that reflects the shift in life sciences towards a more information- and systems-based approach in Evolution: A View from the 21st Century.

�

Shapiro integrates advances in symbiogenesis, epigenetics, and saltationism into a unified approach that views evolutionary change as an active cell process, regulated epigenetically and capable of making rapid large changes by horizontal DNA transfer, inter-specific hybridization, whole genome doubling, symbiogenesis, or massive genome restructuring.

�

Evolution marshals extensive evidence in support of a fundamental reinterpretation of evolutionary processes, including more than 1,100 references to the scientific literature. Shapiro's work will generate extensive discussion throughout the biological community, and may significantly change your own thinking about how life has evolved. It also has major implications for evolutionary computation, information science, and the growing synthesis of the physical and biological sciences.

• Sales Rank: #476104 in Books
• Published on: 2011-06-22
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 8.90" h x .70" w x 6.00" l, .78 pounds
• Binding: Paperback
• 272 pages

From the Author
Most debates about evolution sound like the last fifty years of research in molecular biology had never occurred.�Evolution: A View from the 21st Century aims to acquaint the reader with previously "inconceivable" but currently well-documented aspects of cell biology and genomics. This knowledge will prepare the reader for the inevitable surprises in evolutionary science as this new century runs its course.�
The capacity of living organisms to alter their own heredity is undeniable, and our current ideas about evolution have to incorporate this basic fact of life. The genome is no longer the read-only memory (ROM) system subject to accidental changes envisaged by conventional theory. We now understand genomes to be read-write (RW) information storage organelles at all time scales, from the single cell cycle to evolutionary eons.�
The contemporary concept of living organisms as self-modifying beings coincides with the shift in biology from a mechanistic to an information- and systems-based view of vital functions. The life sciences have converged with other disciplines to focus on questions of acquiring, processing and transmitting information to ensure the correct operation of complex adaptive systems. �
Today, we endeavor to understand how new vital capacities arose in the course of evolution during at least 3.5 billion tumultuous years of earth history. Two broad lines of research have made it possible to formulate a new vision of the evolutionary process. One examines how cells regulate the expression, reproduction, transmission and restructuring of their DNA molecules. The other comprises advances in studying interspecific hybridization, symbiogenesis, epigenetics, horizontal DNA transfer and mobile genetic elements. 21st Century evolution science explains abrupt events in the DNA and fossil records. Moreover, this contemporary mode of thinking makes it possible to envisage realistic paths to complex evolutionary innovations.
Additional online material for this book can be found at�FTPress.com/shapiro and�shapiro.bsd.uchicago.edu/evolution21.shtml.

From the Back Cover

“Shapiro has written a stimulating, innovative manuscript that surely Darwin would have liked.”

—Sidney Altman, Yale University; Nobel Laureate in Chemistry, 1989

�

“Based on a long and highly competent personal experience in science and his novel insights into biological functions, the author has reached views of biological evolution that can reveal to a wide, interested readership how the living world co-evolves with the environment through its intrinsic powers.”

—Werner Arber, Professor Emeritus, University of Basel, Switzerland; Nobel Laureate in Physiology/Medicine, 1978

�

“Professor Shapiro’s offering is the best book on basic modern biology I have ever seen. As far as I can tell, the book is a game changer.”

—Carl Woese, University of Illinois; discoverer of Archaea, the third realm of life; National Medal of Science 2000

�

“‘[N]atural genetic engineering’ explains evolutionary processes that preceded people by at least 3,000 million years. Shapiro’s detailed account of ubiquitous genetic dynamism, DNA machination, repair, and recombination in real life, bacterial to mammalian, destroys myths.... Shapiro’s careful, authoritative narrative is entirely scientific and should interest all of us who care about the evolution of genetic systems.”

—Lynn Margulis, University of Massachusetts, Amherst; National Academy of Sciences, National Medal of Science 1999

�

“[T]his book is a magnificent analysis of the key questions of the origin of variation.... Jim Shapiro has new insights on all the central issues of evolutionary theory. The genome becomes a read-write storage system rather than the sole determinant of heredity. After reading this book, you will find it imperative to see biology as the 21st century is coming to see it.”

—Denis Noble, CBE FRS, Balliol College, Oxford; author of The Music of Life

�

“This book highlights...dynamic systems biology and engineering between the evolving genome, cell, and environmental stresses...affecting the...read-write memory system underlying life’s evolution.”

—Eviatar Nevo, University of Haifa, U.S. National Academy of Sciences; explorer of Evolution Canyon

�

James Shapiro’s Evolution: A View from the 21st Century proposes an important new science-based paradigm for understanding biological evolution. Shapiro explains how conventional evolutionary theory (as elaborated from the neo-Darwinian synthesis) has become outdated, and he marshals new molecular genetics and DNA sequence evidence to reinterpret fundamental evolutionary processes.

�

Shapiro’s new information- and systems-based paradigm integrates important phenomena such as symbiogenesis, epigenetics, and natural genetic engineering. He demonstrates how active cell processes can drive the rapid, large evolutionary changes seen in the DNA that cannot be adequately explained by earlier theories.

�

Evolution: A View from the 21st Century is likely to generate extensive discussion throughout the biological community and might change your own thinking about how life has evolved. Shapiro’s vision also has major implications for evolutionary computation, information science, and the growing synthesis of physical and biological sciences.

�

Living cells: evolution’s not-so-blind watchmakers
How cells acquire and use external information–and what that means for evolution

�

Cellular read-write mechanisms and informatics-based approaches

Cell-mediated genome inscriptions at time scales ranging from days to epochs

�

Nature’s leaps: beyond Linnaeus and Darwin

The growing molecular evidence for rapid, large-scale, evolutionary change

�

A new conceptual basis for 21st century evolutionary research

Discovering how evolutionary innovation is generated, dispersed, and diversified

About the Author

James A. Shapiro, Professor in the University of Chicago’s Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, is a leading bacterial geneticist, the discoverer of transposable elements in bacteria, and the key researcher involved in first organizing the field of mobile genetic elements. The earliest proponent of “natural genetic engineering” as a basic feature of evolution, he has been a leading scientific critic of orthodox evolutionary theory for 20 years.

�

Shapiro is co-editor of DNA Insertion Elements, Episomes, and Plasmids (1977, Cold Spring Harbor Press), editor of Mobile Genetic Elements (1983, Academic Press), and co-editor of Bacteria as Multicellular Organisms (1997, Oxford University Press). He holds a Ph.D. in genetics from Cambridge University.

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82 of 86 people found the following review helpful.
A provocative view of evolution
By Frank Harold
The history of life is peppered with novelties, functional and adaptive features never seen before. Eyes to see with come to mind, and wings to fly with; so do the seeds of flowering plants, the intricate cilia that move eukaryotic cells, and a thousand others. How do innovations arise? This is the question addressed in this book, and there can be few issues more crucial to our understanding of evolution.

The conventional answer was formulated seventy years ago as part of the Modern Synthesis, which melded Darwin's insights from natural history with the rising science of population genetics. It invokes a static genome composed of discrete heritable genes that are subject to variation by mutation and other accidents; the variations are then culled by natural selection, with the result that adaptation of the organism improves. Evolution takes place slowly and gradually, by small random steps. The fossil record displays many instances, the classic one being the transformation of horses' toes. But skeptics have questioned this scenario from the beginning, arguing that there cannot have been time enough to bring forth the profusion of biological novelty, and in any event random mutations are more likely to degrade organization than to create it. Such doubts have been reinforced in recent years by our growing knowledge of how genomes are constructed and how they operate. James Shapiro puts himself squarely on the side of the skeptics, and offers an alternative vision that he dubs "natural genetic engineering".

Briefly, the architecture of genomes turned out quite unlike what had been expected. In higher organisms, at least, genes are composed of both coding and non-coding sequences, and must be spliced prior to expression. Classical protein- coding sequences make up an astonishingly small proportion of the genome, just a few percent. The remainder features regions that specify an intricate network of regulatory elements, many based on RNA rather than proteins. These are concerned, not only with the expression of individual genes, but with the fidelity and architecture of the genome as a whole. Genomes also contain numerous stretches, long and short, of repetitious DNA, whose physiological functions are not obvious. Junk DNA? Not necessarily. Some can translocate from one locus to another (or at least did so in the past), with the help of enzymes specified by the genome itself, and thereby reconfigure the instructions laid out in the database. The most conspicuous agents of change are the transposons, "jumping genes", that migrate from one place to another spontaneously or in response to stress. Transposons disrupt genes, but they often carry along genes or fragments of genes, which are thereby transferred from one neighborhood to another. Bacterial genomes are more streamlined than those of animals, but no more static. They are buffeted by a ceaseless rain of foreign genetic material, picked up from the environment or carried by viruses. Cells are forever restructuring their genomes, which proved to be more dynamic than we thought, more malleable and interactive, and therefore more evolvable.

At first sight, the continuous makeover seems merely to supply more variations for selection to winnow, but Shapiro argues that there is much more to it than that. Natural genetic engineering generates different kinds of variation from those produced by classical mutations, one gene at a time. Rearrangements can take place at multiple locations at once and shuffle entire domains from one protein to another, producing novel combinations quickly and abruptly, perhaps even purposefully. Genomes, it seems, are built to evolve ---not at the petty pace of classical genetics, but in leaps that entail rearrangement of the genetic architecture or the import of foreign information. So could this be the way that organisms generate the multiple, coherent variations that seem required to manufacture complex organelles such as eyes or flagella? At the end of the day, that is a question that must be answered by experiment; we are not there yet, but the technology to address such issues is coming to hand.

A book that sets out to break images will raise questions in readers' minds, and hackles too. The central question for me turns on that supple word, "random", which commonly means precisely what the user wants it to mean. When cells sense danger, they restructure their genome by natural genetic engineering; but the variations so generated are still "random" in the sense that they are products of chance, not directed by the needs of the organism. There seem to be no truly adaptive mutations, targeted genetic changes that respond in a specific manner to a particular environmental stress or opportunity. Discovery of such directed variations would really shake the foundations of evolutionary thought! I would hold that to be impossible, but in the context of self-organizing cellular systems the idea no longer sounds as fantastic as it did a decade ago.

So this is a provocative book, one that will make you re-examine what you thought you knew. Candor compels me to add that it does not make for easy reading. Molecular biology comes in endless, mind-numbing detail, much of which the author felt obliged to incorporate. Chapter 2, which alone makes up over a third of the text, is a heavy slog that non-specialists will find discouraging, and so did I. The references number over a thousand; surely, they could have been better selected, and listed alphabetically by author! Yet it would be a big mistake to give way to irritation and fling this book to the winds. Skip along to later and more intelligible chapters, and you may return to the molecular morass in better spirit tomorrow. Dense and demanding as it is, this work may just hold insights needed to make Darwinism work in the real world.

Franklin M. Harold, Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle.

Address for correspondence: 10525 226th Street, SW, Edmonds, WA, 98020

73 of 83 people found the following review helpful.
Evolution: The Untold Story
By Perry Marshall
"Evolution: A View from the 21st Century" is the first book with an accurate depiction of evolutionary processes. To my knowledge, it has not been possible to buy a book that gave you the whole story. Most mechanisms described here were first discovered decades ago. Yet until now, few people knew anything about them.

This book describes:

-"Natural Genetic Engineering" refers to cells' innate ability to re-organize their genomes in response to hundreds of kinds of inputs. This is the star of the show. Not natural selection.

-Horizontal Gene Transfer, cells exchanging segments of DNA to instantly gain new features;

-Inter-species hybridization - new species form when unlikely mates cross from two different species;

-Symbiogenesis, when separate organisms physically merge to form a new species;

-Epigenetics, shaping heredity without altering the DNA sequence;

-Whole Genome Duplication - DNA doubling to expand "hard drive space" and make room for novel features.

Others have grasped at these mysteries with varying degrees of success. "The Plausibility of Life: Resolving Darwin's Dilemma" by Kirschner and Gerhart note how evolution re-uses the same components and processes. But they fall short of recognizing how this is done.

Suzan Mazur's "The Altenberg 16: An Expos� of the Evolution Industry" offers a kaleidoscope of evolutionary ideas but doesn't reach a conclusion. Fodor's "What Darwin Got Wrong" makes good on its title but offers no alternative. Margulis' and Sagan's "Acquiring Genomes" offers a vital puzzle piece, Symbiogenesis, but could have gone much further.

Most popular books and many college textbooks gravely misrepresent the driving forces behind adaptation as random and accidental. This is tragic, because real-world evolution is awe inspiring in its sophistication, elegance and order.

"Evolution: A View from the 21st Century" succeeds where others failed. Shapiro delivers volumes of of evidence for his 'third way' - a tested alternative to both Creationism and Darwinism. This new model is a fundamental revision to evolutionary theory. It answers the questions raised by these other authors. Yet you'll find not a trace of anxiety or polemic.

Interesting insights include the following:

* As cells divide, two separate error detection & correction mechanisms repair DNA copying errors in real time. This reduces the intrinsic error rate of 1 in 100,000 to 1 in 1 billion. Impressive.

* The Hox complex ("Hox Gene") directs growth and body symmetry in fruit flies. Its activity is amplified in mammals and the exact same code directs vastly more complex growth patterns in humans.

* "As evolution proceeds, so does evolvability": As organisms rise in sophistication, their evolutionary feats become more impressive and take less time. Cells re-use and re-combine existing systems in new ways. This is opposite of what we might expect if evolution were random.

* Shapiro shovels dirt on gradual random adaptations. Changes are often rapid and almost never random; the cell militantly guards against copying errors. He says periods of mass extinction are followed by episodes of new developments because organisms must respond fast to changing ecosystems.

* Organisms are intrinsically teleological. They behave much like human engineers. He suggests they may be sentient.

* He notes that physicists and other outsiders bring a level of open-mindedness to evolution that biologists have forbidden for 100 years. (One of my clients is a biotech company in Tel Aviv. The founder says only in the last 5-7 years have large numbers of people from Computer Science begun to pursue genetics. Thankfully, the tide is beginning to turn.)

* 1162 references buttress his case with volumes of published papers.

* Companies and universities commit resources to research programs that do not produce instant gratification. Contrary to those who deny teleology, Shapiro says organisms are similarly forward-looking, having purposes beyond the present. He says viruses appear to play a role in this, generating novelties which other organisms later adopt.

I liked the concluding chapters. They counter prohibitions that have crippled evolutionary research for the last 50 years. He suggests that many fields, from technology to economics, stand to benefit from evolutionary research. He's being modest. We can learn far more from cells than they can learn from us.

Shapiro resists temptation to spar with his opponents. There's not a hint of ad hominem; those who deserve to be ignored are simply not mentioned. Instead of hearing arguments, you witness unswerving commitment to further the aims of science. He's a gentleman through and through.

I do have some cautions. This is not an easy read and the dense material isn't supported by graphics. (The online supplement does include some illustrations). Informed lay people will appreciate this book, but it's squarely aimed at biology professionals. If you're a lay person without a biology background, feel free to skip the hard core technical content.

That said, you'll still get a better understanding of evolution's toolbox from the 50 pages you do read than in almost any other book available. If you're serious about evolution, the whole 150 pages is worth the effort.

No one can accuse Shapiro of operating on the fringe; he himself discovered transposition in bacteria decades ago. All is scrupulously documented. The book is endorsed by several world-class biologists including Lynn Margulis, Sydney Altman and Carl Woese.

Like his mentor Barbara McClintock, Shapiro has made an immense contribution to evolutionary biology. It's hard to imagine that traditional neo-Darwinism can survive the onslaught much longer. James A. Shapiro might someday be regarded as one of the great researchers of our time. May his tribe increase.

27 of 30 people found the following review helpful.
Excellent summary of our understanding of evolutionary mechanism, and a manifesto for future researchs
By Michael J. Edelman
There have been four major revolutions in the understanding of inheritance and evolution: First, the Mendelian revolution, which explained how characteristics of organisms might be passed on to successive generations. Second, the Darwinian, which described the process of speciation, and the idea of selection within a gene pool. Third was the discovery of DNA, and unless you're a biologist, that's probably as far as your knowledge goes.

But in the years since Watson's and Crick's description of the double helix of DNA have seen an explosion in the understanding of genetics and evolution that is perhaps even more far reaching than the three previous revolutions combined. The idea of gradual evolution, with natural selection paring away at a set of random mutations has been overthrown in favor of a much more active, one might almost say goal-seeking mechanism, in which organisms play an active role in shaping their evolution.

Consider the case of drug immunity in bacteria. The old story goes something like this: You dose a colony of bacteria with penicillin, killing off 99.99% of them, but then remaining 0.01% carries with it an immunity to penicillin. They replicate and pass this immunity on to their offspring, creating a new colony of penicillin resistant bacteria. You now dose this regrown colony with amoxycillin, killing off 99.99%, and the remaining fraction reproduce, and then you use streptomycin and so on and so on, each time regenerating the community with the new immunity.

There's a serious problem with this story. How can immunity to all possible antibiotics be carried somewhere in the colony? That would imply that every colony of bacteria contains an infinite number of genes that bestow immunity on an infinite number of possible antibiotics- clearly an impossibility. Random mutation is much to slow a mechanism to create these immunities over the times observed. The implication is that some much more active mechanism is at work.

It turns out that a lot of bacteria (and other cells) display what's called natural genetic engineering- the ability to force changes in their genetic structure in order to adapt to change in a single generation. That's kind of astounding. It implies a much greater active role for cells than has ever been imagined. Add to that other recently discovered phenomena, like "horizontal" transfer of genetic fragments between organisms. This is no mere hypothetical; It's been hypothesized that such a mechanism is responsible for the acquisition of immunity to glyphosate weedkillers (i.e., Roundup) in plants that have been exposed to GM crops carrying that gene.

All this is part of what author Shapiro and others see as consequences of the active information-processing properties of cells- the cell not as a mere repository of genetic information (or "read only memory", as Shapiro puts it) but a full blown information processor, storing, manipulating, and creating new information. There are error-correction functions that actually repair strands of DNA in real time during replication, and strands of DNA can actually "double" to increase the amount of information that can be encoded, as new information is acquired by an evolving organism. And there are epigentic factors, information not carried within the DNA, that also contribute to the evolution and genetic transmission of characteristics.

This is not, despite the inviting cover and title, a work of popular science. Rather, it's a summary of current knowledge and a manifesto (if you will) for future research that appears to be aimed at researchers in the field. As such, it's not easy going, even for those with some background in biology and genetics. Nonetheless, this is a very rewarding book for those who have the background and a strong interest in evolution- not just biologists, but researchers and students computer scientists, physicists, and others interested in the mechanics of evolution and evolutionary processes across nature and natural systems.

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“This edition contains Larman’s usual accurate and thoughtful writing. It is a very good book made even better.”
—Alistair Cockburn, author, Writing Effective Use Cases and Surviving OO Projects “Too few people have a knack for explaining things. Fewer still have a handle on software analysis and design. Craig Larman has both.”
—John Vlissides, author, Design Patterns and Pattern Hatching “People often ask me which is the best book to introduce them to the world of OO design. Ever since I came across it Applying UML and Patterns has been my unreserved choice.”
—Martin Fowler, author, UML Distilled and Refactoring “This book makes learning UML enjoyable and pragmatic by incrementally introducing it as an intuitive language for specifying the artifacts of object analysis and design. It is a well written introduction to UML and object methods by an expert practitioner.”
—Cris Kobryn, Chair of the UML Revision Task Force and UML 2.0 Working Group

• A brand new edition of the world’s most admired introduction to object-oriented analysis and design with UML
• Fully updated for UML 2 and the latest iterative/agile practices
• Includes an all-new case study illustrating many of the book’s key points

Applying UML and Patterns is the world’s #1 business and college introduction to “thinking in objects”—and using that insight in real-world object-oriented analysis and design. Building on two widely acclaimed previous editions, Craig Larman has updated this book to fully reflect the new UML 2 standard, to help you master the art of object design, and to promote high-impact, iterative, and skillful agile modeling practices.

Developers and students will learn object-oriented analysis and design (OOA/D) through three iterations of two cohesive, start-to-finish case studies. These case studies incrementally introduce key skills, essential OO principles and patterns, UML notation, and best practices. You won’t just learn UML diagrams—you’ll learn how to apply UML in the context of OO software development.

Drawing on his unsurpassed experience as a mentor and consultant, Larman helps you understand evolutionary requirements and use cases, domain object modeling, responsibility-driven design, essential OO design, layered architectures, “Gang of Four” design patterns, GRASP, iterative methods, an agile approach to the Unified Process (UP), and much more. This edition’s extensive improvements include

• A stronger focus on helping you master OOA/D through case studies that demonstrate key OO principles and patterns, while also applying the UML
• New coverage of UML 2, Agile Modeling, Test-Driven Development, and refactoring
• Many new tips on combining iterative and evolutionary development with OOA/D
• Updates for easier study, including new learning aids and graphics
• New college educator teaching resources
• Guidance on applying the UP in a light, agile spirit, complementary with other iterative methods such as XP and Scrum
• Techniques for applying the UML to documenting architectures
• A new chapter on evolutionary requirements, and much more

Applying UML and Patterns, Third Edition, is a lucid and practical introduction to thinking and designing with objects—and creating systems that are well crafted, robust, and maintainable.

• Sales Rank: #34398 in Books
• Brand: Larman, Craig
• Published on: 2004-10-30
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 10.10" h x 1.70" w x 8.30" l, 3.39 pounds
• Binding: Hardcover
• 736 pages

From the Back Cover

“This edition contains Larman’s usual accurate and thoughtful writing. It is a very good book made even better.”
—Alistair Cockburn, author, Writing Effective Use Cases and Surviving OO Projects “Too few people have a knack for explaining things. Fewer still have a handle on software analysis and design. Craig Larman has both.”
—John Vlissides, author, Design Patterns and Pattern Hatching “People often ask me which is the best book to introduce them to the world of OO design. Ever since I came across it Applying UML and Patterns has been my unreserved choice.”
—Martin Fowler, author, UML Distilled and Refactoring “This book makes learning UML enjoyable and pragmatic by incrementally introducing it as an intuitive language for specifying the artifacts of object analysis and design. It is a well written introduction to UML and object methods by an expert practitioner.”
—Cris Kobryn, Chair of the UML Revision Task Force and UML 2.0 Working Group

• A brand new edition of the world’s most admired introduction to object-oriented analysis and design with UML
• Fully updated for UML 2 and the latest iterative/agile practices
• Includes an all-new case study illustrating many of the book’s key points

Applying UML and Patterns is the world’s #1 business and college introduction to “thinking in objects”—and using that insight in real-world object-oriented analysis and design. Building on two widely acclaimed previous editions, Craig Larman has updated this book to fully reflect the new UML 2 standard, to help you master the art of object design, and to promote high-impact, iterative, and skillful agile modeling practices.

Developers and students will learn object-oriented analysis and design (OOA/D) through three iterations of two cohesive, start-to-finish case studies. These case studies incrementally introduce key skills, essential OO principles and patterns, UML notation, and best practices. You won’t just learn UML diagrams—you’ll learn how to apply UML in the context of OO software development.

Drawing on his unsurpassed experience as a mentor and consultant, Larman helps you understand evolutionary requirements and use cases, domain object modeling, responsibility-driven design, essential OO design, layered architectures, “Gang of Four” design patterns, GRASP, iterative methods, an agile approach to the Unified Process (UP), and much more. This edition’s extensive improvements include

• A stronger focus on helping you master OOA/D through case studies that demonstrate key OO principles and patterns, while also applying the UML
• New coverage of UML 2, Agile Modeling, Test-Driven Development, and refactoring
• Many new tips on combining iterative and evolutionary development with OOA/D
• Updates for easier study, including new learning aids and graphics
• New college educator teaching resources
• Guidance on applying the UP in a light, agile spirit, complementary with other iterative methods such as XP and Scrum
• Techniques for applying the UML to documenting architectures
• A new chapter on evolutionary requirements, and much more

Applying UML and Patterns, Third Edition, is a lucid and practical introduction to thinking and designing with objects—and creating systems that are well crafted, robust, and maintainable.

About the Author

Craig Larman serves as chief scientist at Valtech, a leading technology consultancy with offices throughout the United States, Europe, and Asia. He is known throughout the worldwide software community as an expert and coach in OOA/D and design patterns, agile/iterative methods, an agile approach to the Unified Process (UP), and modeling with the UML. He holds a B.S. and M.S. in computer science from Simon Fraser University in Vancouver, British Columbia.

Excerpt. � Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved.

Thank you for reading this book! If I can answer a question, or for consulting or coaching a team (in OOA/D, UML, modeling, iterative and agile methods), please contact me at www.craiglarman.com.

This is a practical introduction to object-oriented analysis and design (OOA/D), and to related aspects of iterative development. I am grateful that the previous editions were extremely popular worldwide. I sincerely thank all the readers!

Here is how the book will benefit you.

Design Well—First, the use of object technology is widespread, so mastery of OOA/D is critical for you to succeed in the software world.

Learn a Process Roadmap—Second, if you are new to OOA/D, you’re understandably challenged about how to proceed; this book presents a well-defined iterative roadmap—an agile approach to the Unified Process—so that you can move in a step-by-step process from requirements to code.

Learn UML for Modeling—Third, the Unified Modeling Language (UML) has emerged as the standard notation for modeling, so it’s useful to be able to apply it skillfully.

Learn Design Patterns—Fourth, design patterns communicate the “best practice” idioms OO design experts apply. You will learn to apply design patterns, including the popular “Gang-of-Four” patterns, and the GRASP patterns. Learning and applying patterns will accelerate your mastery of analysis and design.

Learn from Experience—Fifth, the structure and emphasis in this book are based on years of experience in education and mentoring thousands of people in the art of OOA/D. It reflects that experience by providing a refined, proven, and efficient approach to learning the subject, so your investment in reading and learning is optimized.

Learn from a Realistic Study—Sixth, it exhaustively examines two case studies—to realistically illustrate the entire OOA/D process, and goes deeply into thorny details of the problem.

Design to Code, with TDD & Refactoring—Seventh, it shows how to map object design artifacts to code in Java. It also introduces test-driven development and refactor.

Layered Architecture—Eighth, it explains how to design a layered architecture and relate the UI layer to domain and technical services layers.

Design Frameworks—Finally, it shows you how to design an OO framework and applies this to the creation of a framework for persistent storage in a database.

Educator and Web Resources

You may find related articles of interest at www.craiglarman.com.

Hundreds, if not thousands, of teachers use the book worldwide; it’s been translated into at least ten languages. At my website there are a variety of educator resources, including all the book figures organized into Microsoft PowerPoint presentations, sample OOA/D PowerPoint presentations, and more. If you’re an educator, please contact me for resources.

I am collecting material from existing educators using the book, to share with other educators. If you have anything to share, please contact me.

Intended Audience—an Introduction!

This book is an introduction to OOA/D, related requirements analysis, and to iterative development with the Unified Process as a sample process; it is not meant as an advanced text. It is for the following audience:

• Developers and students with some experience in OO programming, but who are new—or relatively new—to OOA/D.
• Students in computer science or software engineering courses studying object technology.
• Those with some familiarity in OOA/D who want to learn the UML notation, apply patterns, or who want to deepen their analysis and design skills.

Prerequisites

Some prerequisites are assumed—and necessary—to benefit from this book:

• Knowledge and experience in an object-oriented programming language such as Java, C#, C++, or Python.
• Knowledge of fundamental OO concepts, such as class, instance, interface, polymorphism, encapsulation, and inheritance.

Fundamental OO concepts are not defined.

Java Examples, But...

In general, the book presents code examples in Java due to its widespread familiarity. However, the ideas presented are applicable to most—if not all—object-oriented technologies, including C#, Python, and so on.

Book Organization

The overall strategy in the organization of this book is that analysis and design topics are introduced in an order similar to that of a software development project running across an “inception” phase (a Unified Process term) followed by three.

The inception phase chapters introduce the basics of requirements analysis.

Iteration 1 introduces fundamental OOA/D and how to assign responsibilities to objects.

Iteration 2 focuses on object design, especially on introducing some high-use “design patterns.”

Iteration 3 introduces a variety of subjects, such as architectural analysis and framework design.

Most helpful customer reviews

32 of 32 people found the following review helpful.
Underlying principles and practice: Excellent job.
By C. Constantinides
There is a lot of textbooks on UML in the market, similarly on development processes like the Unified Process, design patterns and OOA/D. Many textbooks that I have seen provide a dry list of UML notations, or a dry list of process guidelines, or trivial examples on how a design pattern can be implemented. However, no other textbook in my opinion makes an excellent job in putting everything together in a case study (the 3rd edition provides two case studies) in order to illustrate (1) what is the significance of each one of the above, (2) how they fit together and (3) what are possible tradeoffs. The author very clearly explains what are the underlying principes behind object-oriented software development and (more importantly) how these principles can be put into practice.

Since the first edition I found Craig's writing style very easy to follow and as a graduate student taking software engineering and related classes I used this textbook as a self study to learn about OOA/D and UML. As an instructor I have been using this textbook for a number of software engineering and related classes (both senior level undergraduate and graduate), and the feedback I receive from students is very positive. I also recommend this book to students who are undertaking final-year undergraduate projects or graduate projects, and we have found this book to be very valuable for projects that involve several stages of analysis, design and implementation and who want to know how a process such as the Unified Process can be used in an agile manner. My experience tells me that this last point is very important for students who would work individually or in small groups over a (usually) short period of time to complete a development project.

Several of my previous students who are now employed in the IT industry as developers are telling me that they still use this book and find it a very valuable reference.

The book has also sparked interesting discussions among colleagues and researchers on various aspects on OOA/D and it is a valuable source. More particularly, the book successfully manages to integrate the principle of Design by Contract beyond implementation. Craig's approach to introduce operation contracts places emphasis on assertions from early stages of development and shows how this emphasis is propagated to detailed design (through UML communication diagrams) and through the use of responsibility patterns.

Regarding a comment on GRASP by a previous (and anonymous) reviewer, I would like to point out that a pattern is a set of principles (can be on any level of granularity) that solves a recurring problem at any stage during development. This (albeit informal) definition does not confine patterns to structural or behavioral design (along the lines of the GoF design patterns). Craig makes that very clear in the book particularly in the second and third edition) and I'm afraid to say that the reviewer who made the comment either skipped that part or misunderstood it.

16 of 16 people found the following review helpful.
Moving from the Classroom to the Real World
By John Matlock
One of the more difficult concepts to bring to programming is the very basic concept of Object Orientation. Most programming efforts in the college/university level are really short and quick, while most software projects in the real world are much bigger. Combining all this together you have the potential for turning out graduates that have a hard time in the real world.

An interesting point of this book is its overall design, which is laid out like a software project. That way you are working within the broad concepts while you don't even know that you are being exposed to them.

This is not a book on programming. You should know at least one object oriented language before beginning it. Java is used for most examples, but one of the C's or Python could be used.

The title of the book is somewhat misleading to me. True it is about UML and Patterns, but it's really the sub-title that tells the story. This is a book on object oriented analysis and design (OOAD). UML and Patterns are simply two of the tools used to teach OOAD.

13 of 13 people found the following review helpful.
Great introduction to OOAD, Iterative Development, and Unified Process
By B. Brian
Let me say to begin that I am a graduate student in computer engineering, without a strong OO background. Sure I knew inheritance, polymorphism, and even some UML. But how do you really use them in practice? I have been eager to learn what this OOAD is all about, and anyway it's a valuable skill to possess.

Now where to begin learning OOAD? As I scratched the surface I encountered such oft-cited works as Design Patterns by the "Gang of Four", Booch's Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with Applications, and Object-Oriented Modeling and Design by Rumbaugh et al. Obviously many books attempt to explain the OO paradigm. Specifically I want one that is: 1.) interesting, 2.) informed, and 3.) insightful.

That's why I'm glad I chose this book. It's unmistakably for serious readers, and not as easily accessible or "witty" as a few others. On the other hand, if you want to encounter *many* useful concepts and suggestions from an authoritative source, then I can't imagine a better choice than Applying UML and Patterns. I've read it cover-to-cover once, and have already begun referring back to it for my own purposes.

Sometimes it's useful to understand the author's perspective, to know if you will learn anything useful from their books. Craig Larman is obviously a proponent of agile risk-driven software development, OOAD, and using the UML sparsely as a communicative tool ("sketching" vs. "blueprinting").

Larman makes a very strong case for his perspective, too. After all, everyone knows requirements evolve and change over time, as does design. So why not adopt a process that accomodates this? Similarly, the UML is potentially a complicated language, but why get caught up on notation? The point is to communicate something of value, especially during design, when collaborative decisions must be made - leave the rest to CASE tools. Don't be scared of the Unified Process either, as it provides a great context in which to discuss business processes and risk-driven software development, even if you never explicitly use it.

By the time you finish this book you will: have a good overview of iterative and agile software development, know aspects of the unified process, know the basics of the OO paradigm, know how to assign responsibilities to objects, have been exposed to the most common design patterns, have encountered a few analysis patterns, and have a wealth of tips and suggestions to draw from in your own work.

All of this is presented in the context of a case study on a fictional point-of-sale system. The book slightly favors Java in its examples, but as these are fairly sparse and generally brief, it should be easy enough to follow for those familiar with C++ or C#. The author tries to note whenever choice of language has a significant impact.

Even at nearly 40 chapters, I wish the book were longer, as Larman's writing style is coherent and enjoyable. You'll likely find yourself wanting to know more about software architecture or the details of certain patterns, and luckily the book is full of citations and suggested reading material.

It's a great place to start for students and professionals, anyone who wants to pick up OOAD. If you only want a reference on patterns, then this is probably not the book for you. It doesn't go into great detail about the more complex patterns. Therefor it's recommended that you own some of the classic patterns literature. Likewise if you primarily need a reference on UML, I'd recommend Martin Fowler's excellent UML Distilled. Again, the bibliography of Applying UML and Patterns is an abundant source of related works, for those digging a bit deeper.

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