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This title presents an insight into moral skepticism of the 20th century. The author argues that our every-day moral codes are an 'error theory' based on the presumption of moral facts which, he persuasively argues, don't exist. His refutation of such facts is based on their metaphysical 'queerness' and the observation of cultural relativity.

• Sales Rank: #446077 in Books
• Published on: 1991-05-17
• Released on: 1991-05-17
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 7.74" h x .62" w x 5.12" l, 1.10 pounds
• Binding: Paperback
• 256 pages

About the Author
John Leslie Mackie (1917-1981) was a philosopher who made significant contributions to the fields of ethics, metaphysics, and the philosophy of religion. A professor of philosophy at the universities of Sydney, Otago, New Zealand, and York, he was elected a fellow of the University of Oxford in 1967 and to the British Academy in 1974.

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58 of 59 people found the following review helpful.
A Classic of Contemporary Moral Philosophy
By ctdreyer
The first chapter of Mackie's Ethics: Inventing Right and Wrong is the locus classicus for error theories in contemporary meta-ethics. There he argues that ordinary moral discourse and thought involve an assumption that there are what he calls "objective values," and that this assumption is false. Consequently, ordinary moral thought and language are infected by an error that precludes any ordinary moral claims and thoughts from being true.
Mackie first argues for a cognitivist interpretation of moral language. In other words, he argues that ordinary moral claims purport to describe facts about the world. In particular, ordinary moral language and thought purport to describe facts about objective moral values. What are objective moral values? They have two defining characteristics: (i) mind-independent existence (think of how chairs, trees, people, and electrons exist), and (ii) "intrinsic and categorical prescriptivity": that is, they are such that the mere apprehension of them will motivate a person to act in a certain way. The former characteristic is the source of their objectivity; the latter is the source of their normativity.
But, he claims, we have good reason to think that no such things exist. Mackie's fundamental worry about these putative objective values is that these things are especially "queer," that they are unlike any other things we have good reason to think exist. As I understand Mackie, underlying his worries about the queerness of these putative entities is his perception of a tension in their nature. He appears to believe that the objectivity of these putative entities is in tension with their intrinsic and categorical action-guidingness. That is, it is unclear to Mackie how something that exists as a mind-independent part of reality could have the sort of influence on human behavior that these objective values are supposed to have. It is unclear how something could be both objective and normative. The things that scientists study and that we encounter in the everyday world simply don't have this sort of categorical action-guidingness built into them. So, given the naturalistic conception of the world that Mackie favors, we have good a posteriori reasons to doubt the existence of objective moral values.
But, if Mackie is correct about the nature of ordinary moral thought and language, this commits us to regarding ordinary moral thought and language as involving a very fundamental sort of error, an error of presupposing that objective moral values exist. Mackie then completes his error theory by providing an explanation of our tendency to make this error, to mistakenly suppose that ordinary moral thought and language involve our successfully coming to know about the sorts of things he claims don't exist.
Mackie's book doesn't end here, however. Indeed, this is only the first chapter, and Mackie goes on to cover a wide range of territory in normative ethics and meta-ethics, along with a few issues in metaphysics (the existence of God and freedom of the will) that have some bearing on moral issues. In fact, despite his worries about the objectivity of morality, Mackie goes on to defend a substitute for morality, one that looks quite a bit like a broadly consequentialist moral theory, and he even weighs in on several controversial moral issues that are still with us. In short, in a little over two hundred pages of exceptionally clear prose, Mackie covers just about everything of interest in moral philosophy.
This book is, of course, essential reading for anyone interested in meta-ethics. Understanding some of the material and its importance may require some background knowledge, but enough of the book is more generally accessible that it also constitutes a good wide-ranging introduction to issues in both meta-ethics and normative ethics for a person with some background in philosophy (and perhaps for the general reader). Furthermore, the book, while not a work of history, is sufficiently informed about the history of the issues it discusses to provide the reader with an entry into study of the history of the subject.
If you're especially interested in Mackie's meta-ethical views, you should attempt to track down a copy of Morality and Objectivity (Ted Honderich, ed.), as it includes interesting and important reactions to Mackie's views by some major names (John McDowell, Simon Blackburn, R. M. Hare, Bernard Williams, et al.) in moral philosophy.

23 of 24 people found the following review helpful.
A Classic of 20th Century Ethics Indeed...
By IR
It might be read as an introduction to Ethics, but it isn't one. It is rather one of the most important works in 20th century ethics.

Mackie's book was revolutionary since being the first one to combine anti-realism (no objectively prescriptive values in the world) with cognitivism (the meaning of ethical statements can be true or false). Most of the previous anti-realists were anti-realists mostly implicitly, only because of being non-cognitivsts. Mackie has a different view which in my opinion is much more closer to the truth. The book also contains his error theory (people have a disposition to see their value judgments as objective). While the reviewer cdtreyer as the mainstream tradition have concentrated on Mackie's error theory I think it is much less important than the denial of the objective values and the justification of the role of morality in quasi-contractual terms.

Mackie's views on positive morality are justified by quasi-contractual (he discusses Plato's Protagoras, Hobbes and Hume) means and would combine very well with evolutionary perspectives. The discussion on the content of normative views is just a brief sketch, but this isn't really what this book is about anyway. Anyone who claims that the contents of the first part of the book undermine the contents of the second should read chapter 5 again and again and again. That there are no objective values in the world does not mean that there can't be right or wrong - it simply must be (or rather already has largely been) invented and constructed.

If you are interested in ethics you simply need to read this small, but important book which, while not being an introduction is still quite simple and very elegantly written. Besides the main content you will also get to read a great discussion on the meaning of the good (in debate with the classical Geach-Hare discussion found in Philippa Foot's "Theories of Ethics"), discussion on the is-ought problem and its flawed Searlean solution (also found in Foots collection), a chapter on univerzalisability of moral judgments (contra Hare) and on the frontiers of ethics: voluntary actions, determinism, law, politics, religion.

18 of 19 people found the following review helpful.
Father of Error Theory
By Jaime Andrews
This book is the father of all error theory books. He originates some of the central critiques of moral thought and discourse that guys like Richard Garner rely on (see also: Beyond Morality). They think there is something bizarre about morality's commitment to categorical reasons (things that you ought or ought not to do regardless of what your desires happen to be). They think moral properties are queer because he says that don't fit into a naturalistic worldview and because they are thought to supervene on non-moral properties (i.e. the moral properties "fix" the moral facts... so the non-moral fact of kicking a puppy is always accompanied by the property of wrongness).

As you may notice, the theory presented in this book does not agree with me. Error theory argues that morality is systemically erroneous... what do we do with moral thought and discourse then? If Mackie thinks supervenient relationships are flawed, exactly how do ordinary natural facts determine the moral facts? He argues for conservationism (rather than eliminativism) because he recognizes the instrinsic vlue of morality, although I don't see that working. I agree more with the ideas of David Boonin, David Enoch, and Michael Huemer.

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• Sales Rank: #577500 in Books
• Brand: Pearson Financial Times
• Published on: 2008-11-10
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 9.30" h x 1.05" w x 6.25" l, 1.57 pounds
• Binding: Paperback
• 464 pages

Features

• Pearson Financial Times

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0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Great book to get an overview about Strategy
By Management Revealed
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[W630.Ebook] Ebook Free 100 Carols for Choirs (For Choirs Collections)From Oxford University Press

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This is a selection of the best-loved carols and hymns for Advent, Christmas, Epiphany, and Easter: 74 of the most popular titles from Carols for Choirs 1, 2 and 3, plus 26 titles new to the series. There are carols suitable for both sacred and secular occasions, and both accompanied and unaccompanied material. The Order of Service for a Festival of Nine Lessons and Carols is included.

• Sales Rank: #80148 in Books
• Brand: Oxford University Press
• Published on: 1988-01-07
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 6.80" h x .70" w x 9.80" l, 1.34 pounds
• Binding: Paperback
• 384 pages

Review
This will be widely welcomed by singers who find such volumes in the traditional format difficult to manage. I have occasionally found that spiral-bound volumes have the disadvantage that the pages can become torn and eventually detach themselves; but this volume seems to be very sturdily made. Stephen Cleobury, Mastersinger, Winter 06

About the Author
John Rutter was born in London in 1945 and studied music at Clare College, Cambridge. His compositions embrace choral, orchestral, and instrumental music, and he has edited or co-edited various choral anthologies, including four Carols for Choirs volumes with Sir David Willcocks and the Oxford Choral Classics series. From 1975 to 1979 he was Director of Music at Clare College, and in 1981 he formed his own choir, the Cambridge Singers. He now divides his time between composition and conducting and is sought after as a guest conductor for the world's leading choirs and orchestras. Born in 1919, David Willcocks began his musical career as a chorister at Westminster Abbey, later winning scholarships to Clifton College and King's College, Cambridge. Following war service, he was elected Fellow of King's College, and later became Organist of Salisbury and Worcester Cathedrals, conducting the Three Choirs Festival whilst at Worcester. Willcocks returned to King's College, Cambridge as Director of Music from 1957-1974, with the first collection of his arrangements in the Carols for Choirs series publishing in 1961. He was Director of Music at the Royal College of Music from 1974-1984, and was knighted in the Queen's Silver Jubilee Honours List in 1977. Willcocks also conducted The Bach Choir for 38 years, retiring in 1998. Sir David died in September 2015.

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22 of 22 people found the following review helpful.
The masters do it again!
By Adelie
I had the pleasure of participating in a workshop with David Willcocks, and received this book as part of it. It was first published in 1987, but Sir David had some amusing anecdotes to share about how he and John Rutter, another name to reckon with in choral music circles, put it together.
This is what I like about it:
* These gentlemen are giants in the English choral music scene, and personify the English choral tradition in everything they do. So it's a pleasure to find that they have included many carols from other countries, as well as the English ones. It's very hard to find non-English-language carols, so this is a nice little collection.
* Their 4-part arrangements are imaginative but easy enough to sight-sing.
* It also includes a listing of church festivals other than Christmas, with the names and page numbers of carols that would be appropriate for each.
* For ease of navigation as you're singing, the verses are in Roman type while the refrains are in italics.
* For reasons that are not clear, they have chosen to include the text in the original language in some cases, but not all. The foreign language texts are immediately under the English translations, so you can sing in either language.
* At the very end of the book is the order of service for the traditional Festival of Nine Lessons and Carols, with instructions on the appropriate rank of each person to read, from chorister to bishop.
If you are only going to buy one carol book, this and the Oxford Book of Carols are the best ones to consider. The Oxford has more in it, and is hugely more expensive, so I recommend this one! it'll take you several Christmasses to sing your way through it.

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Lucked out! Most of your choir carols in it and David Willcocks pencil instructions
By Ngirilover
This carol book has terrific carols and some very unusual ones. They range from easy to hard so most choirs can benefit from them. It actually has an outline and readings from the Service of Lessons and Carols which could be very valuable for the music director and church leader.

My particular used copy just happened to have notes in it from David Willcocks himself. Can you imagine!!! This was just too good to be believed. I love nothing more than this service of lessons and carols, so the best is here. There are also some Easter Carols --worth the price.

2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
100 Carols for Choirs
By Babylon
Absolutely marvelous collection with wonderful descants and interesting arrangements. I have given copies to many people because I love this book so MUCH!!! If you've ever lived in England, or ever loved CDs of King's College Choir or St. John's College Choir from Cambridge, England, you will discover the arrangements in this great book!

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[O119.Ebook] Ebook Free Arduino Essentials, by Francis Perea

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Enter the world of Arduino and its peripherals and start creating interesting projectsAbout This Book

• Meet Arduino and its main components and understand how they work to use them in your real-world projects
• Assemble circuits using the most common electronic devices such as LEDs, switches, optocouplers, motors, and photocells and connect them to Arduino
• A Precise step-by-step guide to apply basic Arduino programming techniques in the C language

Who This Book Is For

If you are a hobbyist who wants to develop projects based on Arduino as the main microcontroller platform or an engineer interested in finding out what the Arduino platform offers, then this book is ideal for you. Some prior knowledge of the C programming language is required.

What You Will Learn

• Select the correct Arduino board to meet the prerequisites of your project
• Set up a working Arduino development environment and get to grips with all of its inner workings
• Work with digital and analog outputs to act on external devices
• Sense your environment in a digital or analog way by using different types of sensors such as potentiometers, photocells, or thermistors
• Develop time-based projects that will manage the time in a precise manner
• Make your project interact with other devices via serial communications
• Use interrupts to deal with unexpected events
• Get familiar with a complete real-world project that summarizes all the concepts learned throughout the book

In Detail

The Arduino is an open source microcontroller built on a single circuit board that is capable of receiving sensory input from its environment and controlling interactive physical objects. It is also a development environment that allows you to write software to the board, and is programmed in the Arduino programming language. The Arduino has become the most popular microcontroller platform and thus hundreds of projects are being developed using it, from basic to advanced levels.

This book will first introduce you to the most important board models of the Arduino family. You will then learn to set up the Arduino software environment. Next, you will work with digital and analog inputs and outputs, manage the time precisely, establish serial communications with other devices in your projects, and even control interrupts to make your project more responsive. Finally, you will be presented with a complete real-world example by utilizing all the concepts learned so far in the book. This will enable you to develop your own microcontroller projects.

• Sales Rank: #736621 in eBooks
• Published on: 2015-02-24
• Released on: 2015-02-24
• Format: Kindle eBook

About the Author

Francis Perea

Francis Perea is a vocational education professor at Consejeria de Educacion de la Junta de Andalucia in Spain with more than 14 years of experience. He has specialized in system administration, web development, and content management systems. In his spare time, he works as a freelancer and collaborates, among others, with n multimedia, a little design studio in Cordoba, working as a system administrator and the main web developer. He has also collaborated as a technical reviewer on SketchUp 2014 for Architectural Visualization Second Edition, Arduino Home Automation Projects, and Internet of Things with the Arduino Yun, all by Packt Publishing. When not sitting in front of a computer or tinkering in his workshop, he can be found mountain biking, kite surfing, or working as a beekeeper, taking care of his hives in Axarquia County, where he lives.

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0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
All you need to know about Arduino.
By Miguel Bueno Cobos
Arduino is not a new kid in the block, and many things are written about it, but you can be sure that not everything written is useful. With this book Francis Perea will help you if you are new to microcontrolers or you just want to have a nice reference around. The autor knows how to focus on the procedure and the key facts that you have to understand to keep you improving your skills about Arduino. He will guide you in a series of step-by-step assemblies using most common components and with a very well design path to Arduino Knowledge. Definitely a must read and a must have reference book about Arduino.

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Best Book about Arduino
By Jose Checa
For a long time I've been reading books as a beginner / advanced Arduino , especially to meet the training needs of people who are new , including very early levels . It is not easy to have a good guide to all the possibilities of Arduino while it easy to assimilate by readers. In this book I found all this and more. All kinds of examples that introduce from the simplest to the most complicated work , easy to digest and implement that cover all needs. A global version of all well explained possibilities. I highly recommend it .

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
I am already an expert in Arduino
By Roc�o Criado D�az
Arduino is a new world for me !! I came to this book through the experience of their well-known authors in the field and to learn from scratch. I have a world of possibilities that can go through the clear examples of each and every one of its possibilities . I am getting interesting results in teaching with students in my class. It is a handy reference to complete and acquire a good knowledge of electronics and immediate implementation. Reading and recommended purchase .

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[C740.Ebook] Ebook The Temple of Destruction: Book Two - The Curse (The Temple Of Herobrine 2), by Mark Mulle

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GENRE: Children's Adventure

Notch's journey leads him to Herobrine's home where he discovers something startling - he can view Herobrine's past memories. As he unlocks Herobrine's past and dodges vicious attacks from Herobrine, including creepers and even elder guardians, Notch discovers he is back where he started - the Temple of Herobrine.

Other books in this thrilling Minecraft series
Book 1: The Lost Treasures, http://www.amazon.com/dp/B00RPAVE6M/
Book 3: Notch versus Herobrine, http://www.amazon.com/dp/B00RPBXROI/

Author’s Note: This short story is for your reading pleasure. The characters in this "Minecraft Adventure Series" such as Steve, Endermen or Herobrine...etc are based on the Minecraft Game coming from Minecraft �/TM & � 2009-2013 Mojang / Notch

• Sales Rank: #405027 in eBooks
• Published on: 2015-01-01
• Released on: 2015-01-01
• Format: Kindle eBook

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0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Really Good
By TheNexusBajanCanadian
I chose this rating because I am a HUGE fan of minecraft and herobrine recommended for minecraft players and anyone else!

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[C854.Ebook] Ebook Download The Humbling, by Philip Roth

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Everything is over for Simon Axler, the protagonist of Philip Roth’s startling audiobook. One of the leading American stage actors of his generation, now in his sixties, he has lost his magic, his talent, and his assurance. His Falstaff and Peer Gynt and Vanya, all his great roles, “are melted into air, into thin air.” When he goes onstage he feels like a lunatic and looks like an idiot. His confidence in his powers has drained away; he imagines people laughing at him; he can no longer pretend to be someone else. “Something fundamental has vanished.” His wife has gone, his audience has left him, his agent can’t persuade him to make a comeback.

Into this shattering account of inexplicable and terrifying self-evacuation bursts a counterplot of unusual erotic desire, a consolation for a bereft life so risky and aberrant that it points not toward comfort and gratification but to a yet darker and more shocking end. In this long day’s journey into night, told with Roth’s inimitable urgency, bravura, and gravity, all the ways that we convince ourselves of our solidity, all our life’s performances―talent, love, sex, hope, energy, reputation―are stripped off.

Following the dark meditations on mortality and endings in Everyman and Exit Ghost, and the bitterly ironic retrospect on youth and chance in Indignation, Roth has written another in his haunting group of late novels.

• Sales Rank: #10054135 in Books
• Brand: Roth, Philip/ Hill, Dick (NRT)
• Published on: 2015-01-09
• Formats: Audiobook, MP3 Audio, Unabridged
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 6.75" h x .50" w x 5.25" l,
• Running time: 4 Hours
• Binding: MP3 CD

From Publishers Weekly
Starred Review. A deteriorating and increasingly irrelevant actor finds the possibility of renewal in a younger woman in Roth's tight Chekhovian tragedy. At 65, Simon Axler, a formerly celebrated stage actor, is undergoing a crisis: he can no longer act, his wife leaves him and, suicidal, he checks himself into a psych ward. Then he retires to his upstate New York farm to wait for... something, which arrives in the form of Pegeen, daughter of some old theater friends who is now a lithe, full-breasted woman of forty, though with something of a child still in her smile. A Rothian affair ensues, despite (or perhaps because of) their age difference and Pegeen's lesbian past. Axler overlooks all the signs that should warn him not to trust too much in the affair and instead tries out more and more sexual turns with Pegeen (spanking, strap-ons, role play), until one night they pick up a drunk local for a three-way that might prove to be soul-crushing. Roth observes much (about age, success and the sexual credit lovers hold one with another) in little space, and the svelte narrative amounts to an unsparing confrontation of self. (Nov.)
Copyright � Reed Business Information, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

From Bookmarks Magazine
What happens when a man loses the one thing that defines him as a human being? With nods to Shakespeare, Chekhov, and Shaw, Roth's grim new novel explores this question—with varying success. While the Los Angeles Times and the Washington Post praised Roth's elegant writing and caustic wit, other reviewers found the novel superficial and oddly lifeless, citing flat characters, undeveloped plot contrivances, a lack of humor, and a hostile portrayal of homosexuality. Even the graphic sex is "coarse" and "dull," according to the San Francisco Chronicle. Though not his best work, The Humbling may appeal to faithful Roth fans; others should pick up one of his earlier novels.

From Booklist
*Starred Review* The great Roth has always written both short novels and long novels, choosing a length perfectly suited to what he has to say. Thus, his thirtieth book is brief and perfectly so. Soon into its pages, the reader will recall the title of a famous play about Henry II of England, The Lion in Winter. The lion here, increasingly toothless, is sixtysomething Simon Axler, a famous stage and screen actor. Yes, he’s famous, but now he is so stultified by uncertainty about his talent and how to execute his craft that he can no long perform. His wife flees, and Simon retires to his upstate New York farm, even checking himself into a psychiatric ward for a short stay. Roth does not labor over the man’s distress. Using spare prose, he makes the situation only as poignant as it deserves to be. When Simon takes up with a woman young enough to be his daughter, who is the daughter of old acting friends, Roth again uses concise language to best convey the sadness of what is only a short rehabilitation for Simon, and which ultimately forces his hand in determining how his life will proceed—or not. Roth’s voice, long heard and long appreciated, remains profound. --Brad Hooper

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82 of 94 people found the following review helpful.
The Humbug
By Mary Murrey
Don't get me wrong. Philip Roth's work deservedly belongs in the category of "Great American Literature", if we insist on such a category. I've always eagerly bought almost all his work--willing to pay for the hardback, I couldn't wait to get my hands on his latest book, and his world. I think his best novel is AMERICAN PASTORAL. This is great literature. But lately.... I don't know. Maybe we should call it the Woody Allen Effect. Old writer/auteur who has written classics, great work, has run out of steam and obsessed with himself and sex with younger women--his major driving force--can only write this theme over and over, which may be fascinating to him, but is borish and repetitive to most others. It's amazing that I haven't seen one negative review of Roth's new novel, THE HUMBLING in any major newspaper or magazine.Maybe the fact that the reviews, such as in the NTY's, are so short say something. I think critics are afraid of him.

The novel starts out well enough, interesting in fact... I believe,for some brief period that I'm with the master Roth, but alas, I'm not. My husband put the novel down on page 9 when we learn summarily that the protagonist's wife of twenty-some years, Victoria, has left without any believable reason other that Roth writes that it is so--i.e. her son's drug problem and her inability to put of his demanding, apparently never-ending negativity. "After the Kennedy Center debacle and his unexpected collapse, Victoria fell apart and fled to California to be close to her son." The entire marriage is summarized in about two pages.

The book is an OUTLINE. I would love to read about the protagonist, Simon Axler--an aging man losing his powers,in this case, his ability to get on the stage and pretend, that is to act. My God, what an existential situation! Wouldn't you love to know the gritty details, the unpleasant physical and psychological and quotitian details of his descent into mortality, and the accompanying lack of meaning that fame ultimately offers? But no, we get only a hint of this--a outline of a story that if any unknown writer dared submit would result in a rejection letter, with a possible encourgaging word. But we do get hot sex with a lesbian! I started to feel as if I was in the world of steamy romance novels. And of course this lesbian is no ordinary lesbian, no ordinary woman. Her name is Pegeen, she's a professor, and guess what? Simon knew her as a baby (Shades of Woody Allen again),being friends with her parents. Pageen is now a "lithe, full-breasted woman of forty, although with something of the child still in her..." The very end of the novel is clever, and again we see glimpes of that trickster, the master Roth. But overall the novel is disappointing, and I can only recommend it to Roth fans, who like me, enjoy seeing where he's at.

18 of 19 people found the following review helpful.
Goes Down Easy
By Cary B. Barad
You can still feel the Rothian magic in this modern tale of one man's agony and struggle to regain his reknowned reputation as a master of stagecraft. Debilitated by physical and emotional pain, the protagonist reveals his innermost torments as he comes across some unforgettable characters who will play decisive roles in his personal drama. Somewhere between a novella and a longish short story, this book is easily digested in one reading and leaves one with much to think about. Can't really ask for more than that.

43 of 55 people found the following review helpful.
Roth's best --- and most disturbing -- novel in years
By Jesse Kornbluth
I read the new Philip Roth novel the other day --- it's just 140 pages, with fewer words than usual per page, so you can knock it off in a few hours --- and I'm still disturbed.

This in an improvement over my reaction when I finished it.

I was shaky. Almost shaking.

I hope you will read 'The Humbling' --- I found it to be Roth's best work in years; sentence for sentence, paragraph for paragraph, he's still the most readable serious writer we've got --- but I have a problem saying much about it.

I didn't see the third and last section ("The Final Act") coming. I didn't want the ending to be what it was. Even afterward, I couldn't accept that this was how the story had to end. And I don't want to spoil it for you by describing it in any way.

I feel the same unease in discussing the second section ("The Transformation"), which also came as a surprise to me. In the interest of having it come as a surprise to you, I will speak no more of it here.

Which leaves me to convince you to read this masterful --- and, as I say, very disturbing --- book by discussing only the 43 pages of the first section ("Into Thin Air").

Well, okay. Simon Axler is one of the great stage actors of his generation. But now he's in his mid-60s, and he's adrift. This is how the book starts:

"He'd lost it. The impulse was spent. He'd never failed in the theater, everything he had done had been strong and successful, and then the terrible thing happened: he couldn't act. Going onstage became agony. Instead of the certainty that he was going to be wonderful, he knew he was going to fail. It happened three times in a row. And by the last time nobody was interested, nobody came. He couldn't get over to the audience. His talent was dead."

There's nothing more subjective than "talent". Maybe Axler's just tired. Maybe he just needs a rest.

He retreats to his house in the country, bringing a gloom thick as the poisonous cloud of a crop-duster. His wife flees. Now he's completely alone. And feeling suicidal. So he checks himself into a mental hospital for a month.

After, his harsh assessment is unchanged: "You're either free or you aren't...I'm not free anymore." Worse, he feels that his talent was a fluke, that all artistic spark is random: "This life's a fluke from start to finish."

He accepts that. Don't think of his as a career cut short, he says. Think how long it lasted.

Axler may be frozen, but Roth isn't --- he can pack a trilogy into a hundred pages. Things happen to Axler, and Axler makes things happen. He's not dead yet. Which means --- this is a Philip Roth book --- there will be a woman.

Alas, I cannot say more without spoiling the book's pleasure --- because it is pleasant to read a book this tight, this efficiently constructed; it's the exact opposite of Ian McEwan's disappointing 200-page shaggy marriage novel, 'On Chesil Beach'. But I can offer some clues.

One is Roth's interest in aging, which is not at all novelistic. In interviews, he's said that he's not looking to create either charmers or complainers; he's seeking reality.

Another hint. This is a book set in the country. In three sections --- three acts, if you will. It is, someone has suggested, a Chekhovian tragedy. Well, recall what Chekhov said about a gun that appears in the first act....

This is a long way from the summer romance of 'Goodbye, Columbus'. But Philip Roth was 26 when he published that. He's 76 now. He's outlived all of his rivals. He's our most prominent novelist. And over 30 books, he's learned how to disturb us --- and keep us reading. "The Humbling" is haunting proof.

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